Correlation Analysis of Building Airtightness and Outdoor Particle Infiltration Index in Apartment Buildings

Ye-Seul Eom; Bo-Ram Park; Dong-Hwa Kang

doi:10.22696/jkiaebs.20210006

All Issue

2021 Vol.15, Issue 1 Preview Page Next Page

Research Article

Correlation Analysis of Building Airtightness and Outdoor Particle Infiltration Index in Apartment Buildings 공동주택의 건물 기밀도와 대기 중 먼지 침입지표의 상관관계 분석

28 February 2021. pp. 63-74

PDF XML

Abstract

The objective of this study is to investigate the correlation of particle infiltration and building airtightness according to the deterioration of apartment housing units. For this purpose, the blower door test and particle infiltration experiments were conducted in 6 apartment housing units. The blower door test was conducted to measure the airtightness and the leakage area of suspected particle penetration pathways. The infiltration test method was performed to estimate the size-resolved particle penetration coefficient (P), infiltration factors (F_inf), and outdoor particle infiltration rate (P×λ). During the infiltration test, the indoor and outdoor pressure difference was maintained at 10Pa using the blower-door depressurization procedure. The blower door test results showed that the difference in the airtightness level of leaky and average airtight housing units was about 2.5 times. The particle infiltration test results showed that the penetration coefficient (P), infiltration factor (F_inf), and outdoor particle infiltration rate (P×λ) tended to decrease as the particle diameter increases. This result means that small particle size can easily pass through the crack in the envelope of the building. According to the results of the relationship between infiltration and airtightness, it was analyzed that the indoor particle concentration of leaky housing units could be 4.34 times higher than average airtight housing units under the same outdoor particle concentration condition. The results suggest that the required amount of particle removal may differ depending on the airtightness of the building.

Keywords

Outdoor particle infiltration

Building airtightness

Apartment building

Blower-door tests

Indoor air quality

키워드

외부미세먼지 침입

건물 기밀도

공동주택

블로어도어 실험

실내공기질

References

Bang, J.I., Jo, S.M., Sung, M.K. (2018). Analysis of Infiltration of Outdoor Particulate Matter into Apartment Buildings. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction, 34(1), 61-68.

Brook, R.D., Rajagopalan, S., Pope, C.A., Brook, J.R., Bhatnagar, A., Diez-Roux, A.V., Holguin, F., Hong, Y., Luepker, R.V., Mittleman, M.A., Peters, A., Siscovick, D., Smith, S.C. Jr., Whitsel, L., Kaufman, J.D. (2010). Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 121(21), 2331-2378. 10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181dbece120458016

Chao, C.Y.H., Wan, M.P., Cheng, C.K. (2003). Penetration coefficient and deposition rate as a function of particle size in non-smoking naturally ventilated residences. Atmospheric Environment, 37, 4233-4241. 10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00560-0

Chen, C., Zhao, B. (2011). Review of relationship between indoor and outdoor particles: I/O ratio, infiltration factor and penetration factor. Atmospheric Environment, 45, 275-288. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.09.048

Chen, S., Levine, M.D., Li, H., Yowargana, P., Xie, L. (2012). Measured air tightness performance of residential buildings in North China and its influence on district space heating energy use. Energy and Building, 51, 157-164. 10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.05.004

Choi, D.H., Kang, D.H. (2017). Infiltration of Ambient PM2.5 through Building Envelope in Apartment Housing Units in Korea. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 17, 598-607. 10.4209/aaqr.2016.06.0287

Choi, D.H., Kang, D.H. (2018). Indoor/Outdoor Relationships of Airborne Particles under Controlled Pressure Difference across the Building Envelope in Korean Multifamily Apartments. Sustainability, 10, 4074. 10.3390/su10114074

Ebelt, S.T., Wilson, W.E., Brauer, M. (2005). Exposure to Ambient and Nonambient Components of Particulate Matter: A Comparison of Health Effects. Epidemiology, 16(3), 396-405. 10.1097/01.ede.0000158918.57071.3e15824557

Jeng, C.-J., Kindzierski, W.B., Smith, D.W. (2006). Particle penetration through rectangular-shaped cracks. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, 5, 111-119. 10.1139/s06-026

Jo, J.-H., Lim, J.-H., Song, S.-Y., Yeo, M.-S., Kim, K.-W. (2007). Characteristics of pressure distribution and solution to the problems caused by stack effect in high-rise residential buildings. Building and Environment, 42(1), 263-277. 10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.07.002

Kim, K.-H., Kabir, E., Kabir, S. (2015). A review on the human health impact of airborne particulate matter. Environment International, 74, 136-143. 10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.00525454230

Kwon, O.H., Kim, J.H., Kim, M.H., Seok, Y.J., Jeong, J.W. (2010). Case Study of Residential Building Air Tightness in Korea based on Blower Door Test Approach. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design, 26(7), 303-310.

Liu, D., Nazaroff, W.W. (2003). Particle penetration through building cracks. Aerosol Sci. Technol, 37, 565-573. 10.1080/02786820300927

Long, C.M., Suh, H.H., Catalano, P.J., Koutrakis, P. (2001). Using time-and size-resolved particle data to quantify indoor penetration and deposition behavior. Environmental Science and Technology, 35, 2089-2099. 10.1021/es001477d11393992

Mosley, R.B., Greenwell, D.J., Sparks, L.E., Guo, Z., Tucker, W.G., Fortmann, R., Whitfield, C. (2001). Penetration of ambient fine particles into the indoor environment. Aerosol Science and Technology, 34, 127-136. 10.1080/02786820117449

Orch, Z.E., Stephens, B., Waring, M.S. (2014). Predictions and determinants of size-resolved particle infiltration factors in single-family homes in the U.S. Building and Environment, 74, 106-118. 10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.01.006

Stephens, B., Siegel, J.A. (2012). Penetration of ambient submicron particles into single-family residences and associations with building characteristics. Indoor Air, 22, 501-513. 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2012.00779.x22404327

Thatcher, T.L., Lunden, M.M., Revzan, K.L., Sextro, R.G., Brown, N.J. (2003). A concentration rebound method for measuring particle penetration and deposition in the indoor environment. Aerosol Science and Technology, 37, 847-864. 10.1080/02786820300940

Tran, D.T., Alleman, L.Y., Coddeville, P., Galloo, J.C. (2017). Indoor particle dynamics in schools: Determination of air exchange rate, size-resolved particle deposition rate and penetration factor in real-life conditions. Indoor and Built Environment, 26(10), 1335-1350. 10.1177/1420326X15610798

Walker, I.S., Sherman, M.H., Joh, J., Chan, W.R. (2013). Applying Large Datasets to Developing a Better Understanding of Air Leakage Measurement in Homes. International Journal of Ventilation, 11(4), 323-338. 10.1080/14733315.2013.11683991

Information

Publisher :Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems
Publisher(Ko) :한국건축친환경설비학회
Journal Title :Journal of Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems
Journal Title(Ko) :한국건축친환경설비학회논문집
Volume : 15
No :1
Pages :63-74
Received Date : 2021-01-14
Revised Date : 2021-01-27
Accepted Date : 2021-01-28
DOI :https://doi.org/10.22696/jkiaebs.20210006

Journal of Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems ISSN:1976-6483(Print) 2586-0666(Online) 한국건축친환경설비학회논문집

All Issue