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2026 Vol.20, Issue 5 Preview Page

Research Article

Estimation of Unit Heating and Cooling Loads in Apartment Buildings using Measured Energy Consumption Data

세대 단위 실측 에너지사용량을 활용한 공동주택 단위 냉·난방부하 추정 연구

Tae-Ho Kim1*
,
Byung-Hee Lee1
김 태호1*
,
이 병희1
1Research Fellow, Land and Housing Institute, Daejeon, Korea
1한국토지주택공사 토지주택연구원 수석연구원
*Corresponding Author
30 October 2026. pp. 355-371
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Abstract

This study aims to estimate the unit heating and cooling loads of apartment buildings, which serve as design criteria for HVAC systems, by analyzing hourly energy consumption measured at the dwelling-unit level. Analysis of the daily maximum and average values showed that the cooling electricity consumption and heating energy consumption at the dwelling-unit level were proportional to the floor area, while energy consumption per unit floor area tended to decrease exponentially as the floor area increased. Differences were observed between the daily maximum and average values, indicating that daily maximum values should also be considered when determining the capacity of heating and cooling systems. Using the relationship between outdoor temperature and energy consumption, the unit loads were estimated for representative cities across different regions, and corresponding trend equations were developed. These results are expected to enable the estimation of design loads for HVAC systems and the probability of failing to meet indoor environmental conditions. The results of this study suggest that the existing reference values should be further subdivided, with the values revised upward for some small-sized units and downward for medium- to large-sized units.

Keywords
Apartment building
Unit cooling load
Unit heating load
HVAC system
Design criteria
키워드
공동주택
단위냉방부하
단위난방부하
냉난방설비
설계기준
References
1

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10.6110/KJACR.2023.35.12.633
2

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10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.02.032
3

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10.6110/KJACR.2019.31.2.055
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국건축친환경설비학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국건축친환경설비학회논문집
  • Volume : 20
  • No :5
  • Pages :355-371
  • Received Date : 2026-08-14
  • Revised Date : 2026-10-06
  • Accepted Date : 2026-10-13
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.22696/jkiaebs.20260029
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