• Research Article

    A Study on Microclimate of Street Space Based on Field Measurement

    현장조사를 기반으로 한 도로공간 미기후 연구

    Wu, Jin-Dong, Yu, Zi-Jian, Yoon, Seong-Hwan

    오금동, 우자건, 윤성환

    With the acceleration of urbanization, the microclimatic environment of street spaces has an increasingly significant impact on urban residents’ quality of life. … + READ MORE
    With the acceleration of urbanization, the microclimatic environment of street spaces has an increasingly significant impact on urban residents’ quality of life. This study conducted field measurements in the Seomyeon area of Busan to investigate the microclimate characteristics of street spaces during summer periods. Results showed that the microclimate in street spaces differ significantly from weather station data, with measured air temperature (TA) being 2.8℃ higher and relative humidity (RH) approximately 17.7 percentage points lower during noon hours. Different street orientations exhibited varying microclimate characteristics, with NS street recording the highest average TA (35.1℃) during 13:00-14:00, while SENW street showed the lowest (33.8℃). These TA variations were primarily influenced by urban morphological features such as building height, street width, and vegetation coverage, rather than street orientation alone. Street trees demonstrated positive effects on improving the microclimate, particularly in modifying wind environment, creating wind velocity (WVEL) differences of 0.3-0.4 m/s in certain street orientations. In addition, this study can serve as baseline data for urban street space planning and microclimate improvement. - COLLAPSE
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    30 April 2025

  • Research Article

    Analysis of Airtight and Energy Consumption according to the Floor Area Application Method of Apartment Units

    공동주택 바닥면적 적용방식에 따른 기밀성능 및 에너지소요량 분석

    Hwang, Woo-Jin, Park, Jun-Seok

    황우진, 박준석

    This study reports on the change in airtightness according to the floor area when evaluating the airtightness of apartment units and analyzed … + READ MORE
    This study reports on the change in airtightness according to the floor area when evaluating the airtightness of apartment units and analyzed the energy performance according to the change in airtightness. The airtightness line area was presented based on the airtightness line reflecting the characteristics of domestic apartment units. Blower door tests were conducted on 40 apartment units recently completed, and the airtightness was analyzed. The airtightness was 1.19~2.35 ACH50 based on the current standard design area, and the airtightness was analyzed to be 1.13~1.97 ACH50 based on the proposed airtight area. To analyze the energy performance according to the floor area when calculating the airtightness, one apartment complex and 336 units were modeled. When the modified airtight area was applied compared to the design area, the annual primary energy consumption per unit area was reduced by approximately 1.1 kWh/㎡·yr, which is a level where 1.0% of the total energy and 3.3% of the heating energy are saved. It was also found that the annual unit area energy production required to satisfy the Zero Energy Building (ZEB) Level 5 was reduced by approximately 0.2 kWh/㎡·yr. Therefore, according to the results of this study, the airtight area as the actual usable space increased by approximately 127% compared to the design area, and the airtightness according to the application of the airtight area decreased by approximately 16-25% compared to the design area. It was analyzed that heating energy was reduced by approximately 3.3% according to the application of the modified airtight area. - COLLAPSE
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    30 April 2025

  • Research Article

    A Study on Indoor Sound Source Prediction and CNN-based Numerical Modeling and Interpretation

    음원 데이터 기반 실내 발생 소리 예측을 위한 CNN 모델의 수치 모델화 및 해석에 관한 연구

    Kim, Yu-Hwan, Choi, Chang-Ho

    김유환, 최창호

    This study proposes a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model for classifying indoor occupant activities—boiling, frying, and vacuuming—using Mel-spectrograms derived from audio data. … + READ MORE
    This study proposes a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model for classifying indoor occupant activities—boiling, frying, and vacuuming—using Mel-spectrograms derived from audio data. Compared to traditional CO2 or vision-based approaches, the proposed method offers a non-intrusive and privacy-preserving alternative suitable for smart environment control. To enhance interpretability, Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analyses were applied. Grad-CAM visualizes the time-frequency regions the model focuses on during classification, while FFT quantitatively identifies key spectral patterns. The combined analysis provides insight into the model’s decision-making process, validating that it relies on meaningful audio features, such as the 100–200 Hz range for vacuuming. The approach demonstrates not only high accuracy (95.0%) but also explainability, reinforcing trust in audio-based behavior recognition. These findings lay a foundation for practical applications in intelligent indoor systems, contributing to occupant-aware environmental control and automation technologies. - COLLAPSE
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    30 April 2025

  • Research Article

    Feasibility Study on a Direct Normal Irradiance Estimation Model Based on Multi-Directional Global Irradiance

    다방향 전일사량 기반 법선면 직달일사량 예측 모델의 적용성 연구

    Lee, Woo-Min, Lee, Dong-Seok

    이우민, 이동석

    This study proposes a novel method for efficiently predicting DNI (Direct Normal Irradiance), a critical factor in solar power planning and building … + READ MORE
    This study proposes a novel method for efficiently predicting DNI (Direct Normal Irradiance), a critical factor in solar power planning and building energy management. This study develops a DNN (Deep Neural Network) model to predict DNI based on global irradiance data measured on five surfaces: four vertical surfaces (East, West, South, North) and the horizontal surface (Top). The DNN model is designed to accurately predict solar irradiance without requiring pre-calculation of solar positions, thereby enhancing its applicability. The evaluation results showed that the predicted values closely matched the reference values not only across various domestic regions but also in international locations within a latitude range of ±20° from the reference site. In particular, when the model was trained on a specific domestic region and applied to ten different locations within Korea, it achieved RMSE values ranging from 3.6 to 7.2, demonstrating stable predictive performance. Future research will focus on validating the model using actual DNI measurements. - COLLAPSE
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    30 April 2025

  • Research Article

    Analysis of PM2.5 Reduction and its Health Benefits according to Introduction of Energy Recovery Ventilator in Small-sized Multi-use Facility

    소규모 다중이용시설의 열회수환기장치 도입에 따른 PM2.5 저감 및 건강편익 분석

    Han, Jae-Hyeon, Kim, Ji-Min, Shin, Hee-Won, Kang, Dong-Hwa

    한재현, 김지민, 신희원, 강동화

    The objective of this study is to analyze the PM2.5 reduction and its health benefits according to introduction of energy recovery … + READ MORE
    The objective of this study is to analyze the PM2.5 reduction and its health benefits according to introduction of energy recovery ventilator (ERV). For this purpose, an IAQ model, a concentration- response function-based health impact assessment model, and an energy model reflecting the architectural characteristics of small-sized multi-use facilities were used to estimate annual medical expenses and energy costs. The unspecified occupants of multi-use facilities were quantified by age group based on domestic time-activity statistical data. In addition, to reduce the uncertainty in health-benefit analysis and compare the economic feasibility of different scenarios under various operating conditions, changes in cost-benefit ratios were analyzed according to mortality valuation costs and minimum ventilation rate variations. The results showed that introducing ERV with 50% and 90% filter efficiency led to health-benefits per hour of visit ranging from 282-907 KRW/h/person and 365-1178 KRW/h/person, respectively, depending on age group, and this was found to be 1.86 to 2.42 times higher than natural ventilation. Even when premature mortality prevention costs were excluded for conservative estimation of health-benefits, the cost-benefit ratios for the HRV adoption scenarios remained at 15.1 and 19.0, confirming their economic feasibility. Additionally, the use of an ERV with 90% filter efficiency showed the highest cost-benefit ratio under high airflow conditions (26-36 m³/h/ person), suggesting that it is a highly viable economic alternative for small-scale multi-use facilities in terms of both health and energy efficiency. - COLLAPSE
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    30 April 2025
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