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Research Article
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Matrix-Based Analysis of Technology–Standard Gaps in Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Systems for Multi-Family Housing
공동주택 적용을 위한 BIPV 시스템 기술·표준 격차의 매트릭스 분석
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Hwang, In Tae, Kim, Gil Tae, Kwag, Byung Chang
황인태, 김길태, 곽병창
- Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems are increasingly important in multi-family housing (MFH), yet existing standards and codes do not always address MFH-specific application …
- Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems are increasingly important in multi-family housing (MFH), yet existing standards and codes do not always address MFH-specific application conditions in sufficient detail. This study developed a 9 × 5 matrix combining nine BIPV technical components with five standard domains: measurement, safety, fire, system integration, and certification/testing. Gap intensity for 45 cells was assessed on a five-point ordinal scale using relevant standards and codes as the primary basis, while 52 case items from an LH research report and four previous studies were used for cross-checking. Results were summarized using medians, ranges, and the number of cells rated 4 or higher. System integration showed the highest gap level, with a median of 4 and eight of nine cells rated 4 or higher. Measurement showed the lowest domain-level gap, with a median of 2 and no high-gap cells. Among the technical components, safety had the highest median of 4, whereas module/inverter had the lowest median of 2. Maintenance and fault diagnosis were both rated 5 in the system integration domain. These findings indicate that MFH BIPV standardization needs are concentrated in system integration, fire-safety requirements for MFH façade applications, maintenance, and fault diagnosis rather than module-level performance testing. - COLLAPSE
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Matrix-Based Analysis of Technology–Standard Gaps in Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Systems for Multi-Family Housing
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Research Article
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Structural Gaps and Improvement Directions in Construction Waste Management of Inorganic Insulation Materials: A Study Based on Domestic and International Regulatory Comparison
무기질단열재 건설폐기물 관리의 구조적 공백과 개선 방향: 국내·외 제도 비교 기반 연구
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Kang, Chan-Hyeok, Jung, Bo-Kyung, Kim, Byung-Min, Go, Su-Min, Choi, Chang-Ho, Kim, Kwang-Young, Kwon, Young-Cheol
강찬혁, 정보경, 김병민, 고수민, 최창호, 김광영, 권영철
- As building energy performance and fire safety regulations strengthen in Korea, the application of non-combustible inorganic insulation materials—glass wool and mineral wool—is …
- As building energy performance and fire safety regulations strengthen in Korea, the application of non-combustible inorganic insulation materials—glass wool and mineral wool—is increasing. Despite their high recycling potential through re-melting, the actual recycling rate remains extremely low due to mixed discharge at demolition sites and the absence of dedicated waste management infrastructure. This study compared Korea’s construction waste management framework with those of the EU, Germany, and Japan across six domains—waste classification, hazardousness assessment, pre-demolition identification, source separation, treatment pathways, and worker health protection—through a legislative and literature survey. Key structural gaps identified include the absence of independent classification codes, exclusion from mandatory source separation, lack of post-consumer recycling pathways, and no MMVF dust exposure standards. Based on international precedents including the EU European Waste Catalogue, pre-demolition audit protocols, and manufacturer take-back schemes, improvement alternatives were proposed as a phased implementation roadmap. - COLLAPSE
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Structural Gaps and Improvement Directions in Construction Waste Management of Inorganic Insulation Materials: A Study Based on Domestic and International Regulatory Comparison
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Research Article
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Analysis of Thermal Response Characteristics of Radiant Floor Heating Systems According to Pipe Pitch Variation and Their Applicability as Baseline Data for Predictive Control in Multi-Family Housing
공동주택 바닥난방 코일피치 변화에 따른 열응답 특성 분석 및 예측제어 기초자료 활용 가능성
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Hwang, In-Tae, Lee, Jong-Sung
황인태, 이종성
- This study analyzes the thermal response characteristics of radiant floor heating systems in multi-family housing according to pipe pitch variation and examines …
- This study analyzes the thermal response characteristics of radiant floor heating systems in multi-family housing according to pipe pitch variation and examines their applicability as baseline data for predictive control. Analytical and experimental data from a previous study on floor-heating pipe pitch were reorganized by defining pipe pitch, supply hot-water temperature, and heating load as input conditions, and floor surface temperature, heat flux, and indoor- temperature reaching time as response variables. The results showed that upward heat emission decreased as pipe pitch increased under the same supply hot-water temperature. At 40°C, the upward heat emission decreased from approximately 76.8 W/m² at 200 mm to 43.4 W/m² at 400 mm. The indoor-temperature reaching time was expressed as a regression correlation using supply hot-water temperature, indoor temperature, indoor–outdoor temperature difference, and pipe pitch. The correlation showed high predictive reliability, with R² values greater than 0.991 and MAPE values ranging from 2.855% to 5.337%. In addition, a fixed 60-minute pre-heating strategy resulted in a mean absolute mismatch of approximately 8.5 minutes and a maximum mismatch of 19 minutes across the analyzed cases. These results indicate that pipe- pitch-based thermal response data can be used as physics-based baseline data for estimating heating start time, operation duration, and supply-temperature control in future predictive control applications. - COLLAPSE
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Analysis of Thermal Response Characteristics of Radiant Floor Heating Systems According to Pipe Pitch Variation and Their Applicability as Baseline Data for Predictive Control in Multi-Family Housing
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Research Article
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Characteristics of Radon Exhalation Rates According to Seasonal Indoor Humidity Variations in a Residential Building
공동주택의 계절별 실내 습도 변화에 따른 라돈 방출 특성
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Kim, Sun-Dong, Yang, Young-Kwon, Park, Jung-Ha
김선동, 양영권, 박정하
- This study investigates the annual characteristics of radon exhalation from building materials, which serve as the primary source of indoor radon in …
- This study investigates the annual characteristics of radon exhalation from building materials, which serve as the primary source of indoor radon in residential buildings. To ensure high data reliability, continuous monitoring was conducted for 13 months in an unoccupied, steady-state apartment where external environmental factors were strictly controlled.Continuous monitoring in a steady-state environment revealed that the wall exhalation rate peaks in summer (August–September) at 5.03 - 5.75 Bq/m2, which is 2.5 times higher than the winter minimum. While indoor concentrations generally followed this trend, reaching 230.6 Bq/m3 in August, temporary stagnations in June and July were attributed to external factors like natural ventilation rather than decreased emission strength. Statistical analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between RH and Exhalation, with a coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9296, p < 0.01). This indicates that over 93% of the variance in radon exhalation is governed by indoor humidity, confirming that moisture is the dominant driver of the radon release mechanism in porous building materials. Furthermore, a ‘moisture-induced lag effect’ was observed in September, where exhalation remained at peak levels despite a slight decrease in ambient humidity, suggesting that the material’s environmental history significantly influences emission characteristics. These findings highlight the critical limitations of current single-point (short-term) radon measurement methods, which fail to account for such significant seasonal fluctuations. This study suggests the necessity of implementing humidity correction factors or transitioning toward source-term-based assessment frameworks to ensure accurate long-term radon risk evaluation in residential buildings. - COLLAPSE
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Characteristics of Radon Exhalation Rates According to Seasonal Indoor Humidity Variations in a Residential Building
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Research Article
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Development of an Indoor Temperature Reaching Time Prediction Model Based on Indoor Temperature Time-Series Data for Radiant Floor Heating Systems in Multi-Family Housing
공동주택 바닥난방 시스템의 실내온도 시간변화 데이터 기반 도달시간 예측모델 개발
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Hwang, In-Tae, Lee, Jong-Sung
황인태, 이종성
- This study developed and evaluated indoor temperature reaching-time prediction models for radiant floor heating systems in multi-family housing using indoor temperature time-series …
- This study developed and evaluated indoor temperature reaching-time prediction models for radiant floor heating systems in multi-family housing using indoor temperature time-series data derived from three-dimensional transient heat-transfer simulations. The dataset consisted of 720 reaching-time samples derived from 180 independent indoor temperature rise curves for target temperatures of 20–23°C under different floor levels, room types, outdoor temperatures, supply hot-water temperatures, and pipe pitches. Therefore, the 720 samples should be interpreted as target-temperature-specific derived samples rather than 720 independent operating conditions. Group k-fold cross-validation based on Case ID was applied to avoid data leakage among samples extracted from the same temperature-rise curve. The refitted power-law functional form achieved R²=0.96, RMSE=7.4 min, and MAE=5.4 min, while the log-target second-degree polynomial Ridge model showed R²=0.95, RMSE=7.7 min, and MAE=5.2 min. Rather than claiming superior accuracy over the existing relation, this study aims to maintain a comparable level of predictive accuracy while extending the model structure to multiple target temperatures, spatial conditions, temperature-difference variables, multicollinearity diagnostics, and control- oriented decision making. The results should be interpreted within the simulated winter outdoor-temperature range, and further field calibration is required for broader operating conditions. - COLLAPSE
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Development of an Indoor Temperature Reaching Time Prediction Model Based on Indoor Temperature Time-Series Data for Radiant Floor Heating Systems in Multi-Family Housing
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Research Article
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Occupant Detection Characteristics of a Low-Resolution 2D LiDAR and Distance-Adaptive Clustering Parameters for Occupant-Centric Building Control
건물 재실자중심 제어를 위한 저해상도 2D LiDAR의 재실자 검출 특성 분석 및 거리 적응형 클러스터링 파라미터 도출
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Kim, Yun-Ho, Park, Yun-Ha, Hwang, Jung-Ha
김윤호, 박윤하, 황정하
- Occupant-centric control of lighting and HVAC is a key strategy for reducing building energy consumption, and privacy-preserving occupant sensing is a prerequisite …
- Occupant-centric control of lighting and HVAC is a key strategy for reducing building energy consumption, and privacy-preserving occupant sensing is a prerequisite for its application to residential spaces. A low-cost, low-resolution 2D LiDAR provides anonymous planar distance measurements, but the number of points returned from a human body decreases with distance, so density-based clustering with fixed parameters cannot maintain consistent detection over an entire room. This study empirically derives distance-adaptive clustering parameters for indoor occupant detection from long-term measurements in an actual office testbed. Based on a theoretical point-count model validated against the measurements, a distance-adaptive minimum- points rule for DBSCAN, decreasing stepwise from 10 to 3 between 0.5 m and 8 m, was derived from the 5th percentile of measured point counts, and cluster-size bounds for rejecting non- human objects were established from the 1st and 99th percentiles of occupant-cluster sizes, as a constant lower bound of 0.148 m and a distance-increasing upper bound of 0.549 + 0.011d m. In a leave-one-day-out cross-validation against tracking-verified occupant positions, the proposed parameters improved recall from 0.904 to 0.967 and precision from 0.973 to 0.980 relative to conventional fixed parameters, providing a calibrated detection front-end for occupant trajectory tracking and occupant-centric lighting and ventilation control. - COLLAPSE
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Occupant Detection Characteristics of a Low-Resolution 2D LiDAR and Distance-Adaptive Clustering Parameters for Occupant-Centric Building Control
Journal Informaiton
Journal of Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems
Journal of Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems
Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems
한국건축친환경설비학회
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Tel: +82-2-552-0412 / Fax: +82-2-552-8012 / E-mail: kiaebs@kiaebs.org Copyright© Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems. Powered by APUB
Tel: +82-2-552-0412 / Fax: +82-2-552-8012 / E-mail: kiaebs@kiaebs.org Copyright© Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems. Powered by APUB