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Research Article
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Design Modification Requirements for Implementing Air-Source Heat Pump System in Residential Buildings
공동주택의 공기열원 히트펌프 적용을 위한 공종별 설계 변경 사항에 관한 연구
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Yoo, Jung-Hyun, Bang, Sun-Kyu, Kim, Beop-Jeon
유정현, 방선규, 김법전
- This study investigates the design modification requirements across architectural, mechanical, and electrical disciplines for implementing an air-source heat pump (ASHP) system in …
- This study investigates the design modification requirements across architectural, mechanical, and electrical disciplines for implementing an air-source heat pump (ASHP) system in a 253-unit residential apartment building as part of the transition toward carbon-neutral heating systems. The results and limitations of the study are as follows: (1) The results indicate that ASHP performance varies significantly with outdoor temperature, operating conditions, and system capacity, emphasizing the need for appropriate design criteria and operational strategies. Considering equipment noise and vibration, installation in a dedicated basement compartment was found to be the most practical solution. (2) The analysis also shows that approximately 700 kW of ASHP capacity, a 50 m³ thermal storage tank, and about 200 m² of installation space are required, making the availability of mechanical room space a key design consideration. (3) In addition, the introduction of ASHP systems affects electrical load characteristics, requiring modifications to feeder design and additional transformer capacity, which also increases the required electrical room area. - COLLAPSE
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Design Modification Requirements for Implementing Air-Source Heat Pump System in Residential Buildings
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Research Article
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Applicability Assessment of a Prototypical Apartment Model for Unit-Position Gas EUI Using Measured Consumption Data
계측 가스소비량 기반 표준공동주택모델의 세대위치별 EUI 적용성 평가
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Shin, Min-Gyu, Shin, Seung-Ho, Shin, Hye-Ry, Kim, Hye-Gi, Kim, Deuk-Woo, Seo, Dong-Hyun
신민규, 신승호, 신혜리, 김혜기, 김덕우, 서동현
- This study examined the applicability of a prototypical apartment model at the unit-position level using weather-normalized city-gas consumption data for 2,212 households …
- This study examined the applicability of a prototypical apartment model at the unit-position level using weather-normalized city-gas consumption data for 2,212 households in five apartment complexes in Seoul. Building-level gas EUI and unit-position effects were compared with the model, showing differences of only 1.5–2.0%p in orientation-dependent relative gas EUI. At the unit-position level, both datasets showed the same consumption ranking of GS > GC > TS > TC > MS > MC, with an MAE of 4.24%p for the relative increase from MC. Analysis under different orientations and climate conditions showed that the unit-position ranking remained consistent, while the magnitude of relative differences varied with the consumption level of MC. These results demonstrate the applicability of the prototypical apartment model for evaluating relative gas consumption characteristics by unit position. - COLLAPSE
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Applicability Assessment of a Prototypical Apartment Model for Unit-Position Gas EUI Using Measured Consumption Data
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Research Article
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Estimation of Unit Heating and Cooling Loads in Apartment Buildings using Measured Energy Consumption Data
세대 단위 실측 에너지사용량을 활용한 공동주택 단위 냉·난방부하 추정 연구
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Kim, Tae-Ho, Lee, Byung-Hee
김태호, 이병희
- This study aims to estimate the unit heating and cooling loads of apartment buildings, which serve as design criteria for HVAC systems, …
- This study aims to estimate the unit heating and cooling loads of apartment buildings, which serve as design criteria for HVAC systems, by analyzing hourly energy consumption measured at the dwelling-unit level. Analysis of the daily maximum and average values showed that the cooling electricity consumption and heating energy consumption at the dwelling-unit level were proportional to the floor area, while energy consumption per unit floor area tended to decrease exponentially as the floor area increased. Differences were observed between the daily maximum and average values, indicating that daily maximum values should also be considered when determining the capacity of heating and cooling systems. Using the relationship between outdoor temperature and energy consumption, the unit loads were estimated for representative cities across different regions, and corresponding trend equations were developed. These results are expected to enable the estimation of design loads for HVAC systems and the probability of failing to meet indoor environmental conditions. The results of this study suggest that the existing reference values should be further subdivided, with the values revised upward for some small-sized units and downward for medium- to large-sized units. - COLLAPSE
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Estimation of Unit Heating and Cooling Loads in Apartment Buildings using Measured Energy Consumption Data
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Research Article
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Resident Heating Experience and Managerial Operation Perceptions by Heating System Type in Existing Public Rental Housing
기축 공공임대주택의 난방방식 유형에 따른 입주자 이용경험과 관리자 운영인식 분석
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Hwang, In-Tae, Yang, Young-Kwon, Kim, Gil-Tae
황인태, 양영권, 김길태
- This study examined resident heating experience and managerial operation perceptions across three heating-system types in existing public rental housing: complexes retaining central …
- This study examined resident heating experience and managerial operation perceptions across three heating-system types in existing public rental housing: complexes retaining central heating, complexes converted from central to district heating, and complexes converted from central to individual heating. Secondary survey data collected in October–November 2024 included 612 residents from 105 complexes and 210 managers. Because heating type was determined at the complex level, the analysis emphasized three-group comparisons and complex-level patterns. Resident satisfaction was 33.6% in central-heating-retained complexes, 35.2% in district-heating-converted complexes, and 98.0% in individual-heating-converted complexes; the mean complex-level satisfaction rates were 35.9%, 33.6%, and 97.8%, respectively. Individual-heating complexes also showed consistently high satisfaction at the complex level. No statistically significant difference in satisfaction was identified between the central- and district-heating groups in either resident-level or complex-level comparisons. Thermal experience, supplementary-heating use, and self-reported monthly heating cost also differed across heating-system types, although the differences in thermal experience and supplementary-heating use were not statistically significant in complex-level comparisons. Managers of central-heating-retained complexes reported strong needs for aging-equipment improvement and real-time monitoring, while managers of converted complexes reported different post-conversion operational experiences by heating type. These findings suggest that heating-system improvement in existing public rental housing should distinguish specific post-conversion system types and consider resident experience and managerial operation together with objective performance data. Because some complex-level characteristics were unavailable and individual-heating complexes were geographically concentrated, the results should not be interpreted as causal effects. - COLLAPSE
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Resident Heating Experience and Managerial Operation Perceptions by Heating System Type in Existing Public Rental Housing
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Research Article
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Air Leakage Point Diagnosis and Airtight Construction Methods for Retrofitted Small Apartment Units
소형 공동주택 리모델링 세대의 누기부위 진단 및 기밀시공 방안
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Choi, Su-Ji, Park, So-Yi, Ji, Kyung-Hwan, Jo, Jae-Hun
최수지, 박소이, 지경환, 조재훈
- This study investigated the airtightness performance and air leakage points of small apartment units in the existing and retrofitted conditions, and proposed …
- This study investigated the airtightness performance and air leakage points of small apartment units in the existing and retrofitted conditions, and proposed airtight construction methods for improving airtightness. The measured ACH50 of the units in the retrofitted condition was higher than that in the existing condition in both unit types, although the retrofit included insulation reinforcement and window replacement. Air leakage was identified at four locations: air ducts and pipe ducts, windows, walls, and other service penetrations. Most of the identified leakage points were located at joints between structural components and at service penetrations, which were not individually treated during the retrofit. Although the airtightness of the windows improved after replacement, the airtightness of the entire unit was not secured, indicating that airtightness is determined not by the performance of individual components but by the treatment of joints and service penetrations. Since these locations extend across several trades and are situated behind interior finishes, quality assurance in the design stage and quality control in the construction stage are required. Based on the diagnosis results, the airtightness line of the target units was established, and airtight construction methods and materials were proposed for components, joints, and penetrations at each location. The proposed methods can be used as specification requirements and quality-control checklist items to be confirmed before the interior finish is installed. - COLLAPSE
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Air Leakage Point Diagnosis and Airtight Construction Methods for Retrofitted Small Apartment Units
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Research Article
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Development and Case Application of a Decision Support Tool for Field Demonstration of Energy Management Technologies in Existing Multi-Family Housing
기축 공동주택 에너지관리 기술의 현장실증을 위한 의사결정 지원도구 개발 및 사례 적용
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Hwang, In-Tae, Kim, Gil-Tae, Ha, Hye-Min, Lee, Young-Ae, Lee, Byung-Hee
황인태, 김길태, 하혜민, 이영애, 이병희
- Planning field demonstrations of energy management technologies in existing multi-family housing requires site information to be translated into technology-specific requirements and follow-up …
- Planning field demonstrations of energy management technologies in existing multi-family housing requires site information to be translated into technology-specific requirements and follow-up actions. This study developed a spreadsheet-based decision support tool using 66 survey items, technology documents, and records from two candidate sites. The survey items were organized into six categories: infrastructure, data, control, metering, installation, and operation. Agreement among three coders was moderate, with Fleiss’ κ of 0.568. The tool records the review scope, required conditions, supporting evidence, condition status, remedy feasibility, and follow-up actions. Explicit rules distinguish conditions met, conditions met after remediation, further verification required, and not feasible under the stated plan. Retrospective application comprised ten bounded review cases with 24 specified conditions. The analysis identified six met conditions, six unmet conditions, and twelve unresolved conditions. Two cases established existing parking-light dimming as the baseline operating mode within their narrowly defined review scope. Eight cases required further verification of data access, dwelling-type compatibility, metering, control connections, or facility operation. These results did not establish complete deployment readiness for any technology. The tool makes the reasons for incomplete decisions visible and links them to concrete actions for selecting demonstration units, supplementing data collection, defining baseline operation, and scheduling evaluation. Its contribution is an explicit procedure for converting survey records into scoped review outcomes and action lists. Independent evaluation using additional sites and actual implementation results is needed to assess decision validity and practical effectiveness. - COLLAPSE
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Development and Case Application of a Decision Support Tool for Field Demonstration of Energy Management Technologies in Existing Multi-Family Housing
Journal Informaiton
Journal of Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems
Journal of Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems
Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems
한국건축친환경설비학회
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Tel: +82-2-552-0412 / Fax: +82-2-552-8012 / E-mail: kiaebs@kiaebs.org Copyright© Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems. Powered by APUB
Tel: +82-2-552-0412 / Fax: +82-2-552-8012 / E-mail: kiaebs@kiaebs.org Copyright© Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems. Powered by APUB