• Research Article

    Implementation and Validation of the ISO 52016-1 Monthly Energy Demand Calculation Based on BESTEST Case 940

    ISO 52016-1 월간 에너지요구량 계산 모듈의 구현 및 BESTEST Case 940 기반 부합성 평가

    Lim, Su-Hyun, Park, Sung-Jung, Kim, Min-Hyeong, Kim, Kwang-Woo

    임수현, 박성중, 김민형, 김광우

    This study presents an independent implementation of the monthly energy demand calculation procedure defined in ISO 52016-1 and a quantitative verification of … + READ MORE
    This study presents an independent implementation of the monthly energy demand calculation procedure defined in ISO 52016-1 and a quantitative verification of its reliability. A calculation module for heating and cooling energy demand was developed based on the energy balance framework of the ISO 52016-1 monthly method. The developed module was validated using BESTEST Case 940 through a comparison with the monthly calculation results of the EPB Center Tool, which follows the same standard framework. The verification included both a stepwise comparison of the calculation procedure and a monthly comparison of heating and cooling energy demand results. The results demonstrate very high agreement between the two implementations, with coefficients of determination (R2) exceeding 0.999 for both heating and cooling and very low statistical error indicators. These findings confirm that the developed ISO 52016-1 monthly module faithfully reproduces the calculation structure intended by the standard and provides a reliable basis for standard-based energy demand assessment tools. - COLLAPSE
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    30 April 2026

  • Research Article

    Thermal Bridge Behavior and Reduction Performance of Timber Panel Joints in Existing Building Remodeling

    노후 건축물 리모델링을 위한 목재 패널 접합부 열교 거동 및 저감 성능 분석

    Lee, So-Min, Lee, Jeong-Hun

    이소민, 이정훈

    This study quantitatively evaluated the thermal bridge reduction effects at major envelope junctions when wood panel remodeling was applied to aged reinforced … + READ MORE
    This study quantitatively evaluated the thermal bridge reduction effects at major envelope junctions when wood panel remodeling was applied to aged reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings. Experimentally measured thermal conductivity values of timber under varying relative humidity conditions were used as input data, and two-dimensional steady-state heat transfer analyses were conducted in accordance with ISO 10211. The investigated junctions included planar wall sections, wall–floor slab junctions, window installation details, and roof–parapet junctions. The results indicated that increasing relative humidity led to a consistent increase in thermal transmittance in planar wall sections, whereas changes in the linear thermal transmittance of junctions were relatively limited. This suggests that junction-level thermal bridge performance is governed more by insulation continuity and junction configuration than by variations in material thermal properties. Furthermore, wood panel remodeling significantly reduced linear thermal transmittance at most junctions and improved the interior surface temperature factor, contributing to both thermal bridge mitigation and reduced condensation risk. These findings provide fundamental reference data for thermal bridge–aware envelope retrofitting strategies in existing buildings. - COLLAPSE
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    30 April 2026

  • Research Article

    Field Measurement Analysis of Chiller System Efficiency by Condenser Water Temperature Optimization Algorithm

    냉각수온도 최적화 알고리즘을 적용한 냉동기 시스템의 운전 효율 실측 분석

    Jang, Seong-Wan, Song, Young-Hak

    장성완, 송영학

    This study applies a deep neural network (DNN)-based condenser water temperature optimization algorithm to an actual central cooling system and analyzes its … + READ MORE
    This study applies a deep neural network (DNN)-based condenser water temperature optimization algorithm to an actual central cooling system and analyzes its impact on chiller and system level performance. The proposed algorithm determines optimal condenser water temperature setpoints by minimizing predicted power consumption under given operating conditions, enabling adaptive control compared to conventional fixed setpoint operation. Field measurement data were used to compare baseline and algorithm-applied periods under identical cooling load conditions. The results show that system coefficient of performance (COP) improved noticeably during the algorithm-applied period, particularly within the cooling load range of 1200~2000 kW, where cooling operation was most frequent. Within this range, the system COP increased by an average of 10.82%, with the largest improvement observed in the 1200~1400 kW interval. Analysis of individual chiller operation indicates that load distribution and chiller staging significantly influence COP behavior under part-load conditions. These findings demonstrate that DNN-based condenser water temperature optimization can effectively enhance system efficiency under practical operating conditions and highlight the importance of integrated control strategies considering both setpoint optimization and chiller operation characteristics. - COLLAPSE
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    30 April 2026

  • Research Article

    ISO Based Evaluation Method of Elevator Energy Consumption in Korean Office Buildings

    국내 업무시설의 ISO 기반 승강기 에너지 사용량 평가 방법

    Kim, Chang-Hwan, Park, Seo-Yoon, Park, Sung-Jung, Nam, Yu-Jin, Kim, Eui-Jong

    김창환, 박서윤, 박성중, 남유진, 김의종

    This study restructured the calculation procedure of ISO 25745-2 into a simplified input–calculation–output framework and applied it to six office buildings in … + READ MORE
    This study restructured the calculation procedure of ISO 25745-2 into a simplified input–calculation–output framework and applied it to six office buildings in Korea. Calculated annual energy consumption was compared with measured data, and sensitivity analyses were conducted with respect to elevator performance levels and usage categories. Error rates were 0.2–20.8% in low-rise buildings and 21.8–32.8% in high-rise buildings, with larger discrepancies in high-rise cases attributed to the inclusion of auxiliary vertical-transportation equipment in the aggregated measurement data. Applying a low-performance elevator model increased the calculated consumption by 126–132%, and upward usage-category adjustments produced increases of up to 141%—consistently exceeding the decrease from downward adjustments. The findings indicate that the ISO 25745-2–based method is applicable to Korean office buildings when building- specific operating characteristics and equipment composition are appropriately considered. - COLLAPSE
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    30 April 2026
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