• Research Article

    Comparison Building Airtightness based on the Regression Techniques (Ordinary Least Square vs. Weighted Line of Organic Correlation)

    회귀방법(Ordinary Least Square vs. Weighted Line of Organic Correlation)에 따른 건물 기밀특성 비교분석

    Kim, Ji-Hye, Hwang, In-Tae, Park, Jung-Ha

    김지혜, 황인태, 박정하

    Several studies confirmed that the uncertainty of fan pressurization measurements could not be neglected. This implies that the most common regression technique, … + READ MORE
    Several studies confirmed that the uncertainty of fan pressurization measurements could not be neglected. This implies that the most common regression technique, the ordinary least square (OLS) method, might not be appropriate for fan pressurization measurements. The present study investigated alternative regression method, weighted line of organic correlation (WLOC). Results showed that the difference in airtightness characteristic value was significant according to the regression method when the uncertainty of the measured values was high, such as under conditions of low pressure difference or high wind speed. - COLLAPSE
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    30 October 2022

  • Research Article

    A Study on the Effectiveness of Cooling Energy and Cost Reduction in Thermal Energy Storage with Water-side Economizer

    축열조 연동 Water-side Economizer 시스템의 동계 냉방 에너지 및 비용 절감 효용에 관한 연구

    Im, Wan-Uk, Kim, Yu-Jin, Song, Young-Hak

    임완욱, 김유진, 송영학

    Air conditioning energy accounts for more than 50% of the total energy used in buildings. Recently, in general office buildings the cooling … + READ MORE
    Air conditioning energy accounts for more than 50% of the total energy used in buildings. Recently, in general office buildings the cooling load of winter is increasing as it has a server room by establishing its own computer system for the purpose of managing computer and data and strengthening security. As the cooling load of winter increases, a study combining a TES (thermal energy storage) system that reduces operation costs by transferring power demand to late-night hours and a free-cooling system that reduces cooling energy consumption by using low-temperature outdoor air under conditions below a specific temperature is in progress. Therefore, this study intends to deepen the study by focusing on previous studies that implement a complementary model of each system for a building that is subjected to a 24-hour cooling load even in winter. By using DesignBuilder, a dynamic simulation program, cold water produced through WSE is used for 4 months during the winter (December to March) when the outside temperature is low to remove the load occurring at night. At the same time, in this study intend to implement a TES-linked free-cooling system that stores cold water in the TES and discharges heat during the next daytime, and the system will be referred to as a “Combination model”. Buildings and equipment were modeled with reference to ASHRAE standards and guidelines. For the target building, energy consumption and cost savings of cooling operation were reviewed using standard meteorological data of Seoul, and heating operation was excluded from the simulation model. As a result of analyzing the simulation, it was confirmed that the combined model reduced energy consumption by 27% and operating cost by 51% compared to the conventional method. - COLLAPSE
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    30 October 2022

  • Research Article

    Quantile Regression Modelling with LightGBM for Building Energy Benchmarking

    건물의 에너지 벤치마크를 위한 LightGBM기반 분위 회귀 모델

    Nzarigema, Jean d’Amour, Ngarambe, Jack, Zo, Chung-Hoon, Yun, Geun-Young

    Jean d’Amour Nzarigema, Jack Ngarambe, 조정훈, 윤근영

    Building energy benchmarking is a crucial step in building energy monitoring. Current benchmarking practices often face limitations rooted in the adopted methodologies. … + READ MORE
    Building energy benchmarking is a crucial step in building energy monitoring. Current benchmarking practices often face limitations rooted in the adopted methodologies. For instance, existing benchmark tools are based on the ordinary least squares regression method, which is highly sensitive to outliers and non-linearity in the dataset; this is likely to produce inaccurate benchmark scores. We propose a quantile regression benchmarking model reinforced with a gradient boosting decision tree algorithm (LightGBM). On the one hand, quantile regression analysis estimates the conditional distribution across quantiles, better capturing non-linearity in building energy behavior at various hierarchies of energy usage. On the other hand, the tree-based algorithm corrects previous errors during model training for better optimization. The said models were developed using a dataset from kindergarten school buildings in South Korea consisting of 3,090 buildings. From the developed models, it was observed that total floor area is a major determining factor in the electric energy use of kindergarten buildings in Korea, while the number of floors was also an energy driving factor in middle energy-consuming buildings. The proposed model provides accurate estimations of building energy performance, better facilitating energy comparison of a given building with its peers. The developed models provide valuable insights for energy conservation programs that might later inform building policies and for individuals wishing to reduce the energy consumption of their facilities. - COLLAPSE
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    30 October 2022

  • Research Article

    Improvement of Poor Air Tightness Performance in Existing Small Apartments

    소형 공동주택의 기밀성능 취약부위 도출 및 개선효과 비교

    Park, Jung-Ha, Lee, Byung-Hee, Kim, Gil-Tae, Kim, Sun-Dong

    박정하, 이병희, 김길태, 김선동

    According to carbon neutral strategy, zero energy building design is mandatory for new residential buildings from 2025 in Korea. Air tightness performance … + READ MORE
    According to carbon neutral strategy, zero energy building design is mandatory for new residential buildings from 2025 in Korea. Air tightness performance of apartment is one of the main factor to reduce building energy consumption. This paper presents to improve the air tightness performance of existing small apartment that greatly affects the building energy use. A field survey was conducted on poor parts of air tightness performance in small apartments, and the air tightness level was measured using a blower door. After improving poor air tightness part of small apartment such as windows and masonry wall around air duct (AD) or pipe duct (PD), air tightness performance was measured again and these results compared. The result are summarized as follows ; (1) According to measuring data of air tightness from 2016 to 2019, the airtightness performance of apartments averaged about 3.17 h-1 at 50 Pa, and 78% of apartments with a measuring result of 4.0 h-1 or higher are small apartments. (2) Poor parts of airtightness performance are window and frames, masonry wall around AD or PD, and pipe connected kitchen exhaust fan in a small apartment. With effect of improving the poor air tightness performance, the air tightness level of existing small apartment (16 m2) was deceased from 4.55 h-1 to 3 h-1. - COLLAPSE
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    30 October 2022

  • Research Article

    An Analysis of the Construction Cost of Insulation Materials for Low Energy Small-Scale Houses

    저에너지 소규모 주택의 단열재 공사비 분석 연구

    Lee, Dong-Soo, Park, Jong-Il, Kim, Neung-Jin, Lee, Dong-Young, Jung, Ha-Rim, Ji, Chang-Yoon, Choi, Min-Seok, Jo, Sung-Hum, Yoon, Young-Ran

    이동수, 박종일, 김능진, 이동영, 정하림, 지창윤, 최민석, 조성흠, 윤영란

    According to the revised NDC, the construction sector accounts for a significant portion of the country's overall greenhouse gas reduction targets by … + READ MORE
    According to the revised NDC, the construction sector accounts for a significant portion of the country's overall greenhouse gas reduction targets by sector. Since detached houses account for a high proportion of all buildings in Korea (about 48%), it is very important to spread low energy small-scale buildings to achieve the national greenhouse gas reduction target. In this study, the construction cost of insulation materials for 110 detached houses that received passive building certification was analyzed. Insulation is a basic construction matter to reduce greenhouse gas by reducing energy consumption of buildings. As a result, the rate of increase in the construction cost of insulation materials for low energy housing compared to general housing was derived according to the structure, total floor area, and number of floors. - COLLAPSE
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    30 October 2022

  • Research Article

    A Study on the Ventilation Performance Evaluation Method of the Window-Integrated Ventilation System

    창호 일체형 환기 시스템의 환기 성능 평가 방법 연구

    Park, Sang-Hoon

    박상훈

    This study is a preliminary study to establish the criteria for evaluating the performance of the window-integrated ventilation system. This study analyzed … + READ MORE
    This study is a preliminary study to establish the criteria for evaluating the performance of the window-integrated ventilation system. This study analyzed various references that can evaluate the performance of the ventilation system and established the evaluation method. In addition, the performance evaluation method was quantitatively evaluated by conducting a pilot experiment to verify and supplement the performance evaluation method of the ventilation system. The performance of the ventilation system was categorized into ventilation, air quality, airtightness, noise, visibility and view according to the evaluation category. In particular, according to the ventilation and air quality evaluation, it was found that the indoor carbon dioxide concentration can be reduced by about 14% when the window-integrated ventilation system is applied. The ventilation performance evaluation method and experimental data of this study will serve as basic data for subsequent studies to establish comprehensive performance evaluation criteria for similar ventilation systems. - COLLAPSE
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    30 October 2022

  • Research Article

    Application Proposal for Household District Heating Heat Interface Unit (HIU) through Comparison with Existing Housing System

    기존 주택 시스템과의 비교를 통한 세대용 지역난방 열교환 통합 유닛(HIU)적용 방안

    Kim, Eun-Young, Kim, Yong-Ki, Baek, Cheong-Hoon

    김은영, 김용기, 백정훈

    As housing models of various concepts have been proposed to respond to the future society, efficient housing equipment development is required. Following … + READ MORE
    As housing models of various concepts have been proposed to respond to the future society, efficient housing equipment development is required. Following the previous studies, the purpose of this paper is to derive an application plan by comparing the smart energy Heat Interface Unit (HIU) of a detached house with the existing system. The study subjects were selected as smart villages in Busan Eco-Delta Smart City (EDC). The results of analyzing the thesis, patent technology, prior research, and facility status of the target complex are summarized as follows. The concept and principle of smart energy Heat Interface Unit in apartment houses and detached houses are similar. However, it is recommended to install the Heat Interface Unit in the common Pipe Duct space in an apartment house, but in a detached house, it is recommended to install the Heat Interface Unit individually in a spare Pipe Duct space or in a separate outdoor space. - COLLAPSE
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    30 October 2022

  • Research Article

    Remodeling Base Model Using Building Energy Simulation Results and Bill Data

    건물 에너지 시뮬레이션 및 요금 데이터를 활용한 리모델링 베이스모델 설정

    Lim, Su-Hyun, Park, Sung-Jung

    임수현, 박성중

    This study reviewed the possibility of setting a remodeling base model through the review of the error between the building energy simulation … + READ MORE
    This study reviewed the possibility of setting a remodeling base model through the review of the error between the building energy simulation and the energy consumption of actual building. Through monthly method simulation, final energy was calculated for one public building and one house, and baseload energy was calculated using bill data. By comparing the sum of the simulation results and the baseload energy with the monthly energy consumption, it was confirmed whether the error range suggested by the M&V guidelines was satisfied. This study tried to cost-effectively secure usable data as a remodeling base model. Through the analysis cases in this study, it was confirmed that the base model before remodeling can be estimated only with the monthly method simulation results and monthly bill data. - COLLAPSE
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    30 October 2022
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