• Research Article

    Development of Area-based Building Energy Performance Factor Extraction Algorithm Using IFC Spatial Boundary and Geometry Information

    IFC 공간 경계 및 형상 정보를 활용한 면적 기반의 건물 에너지성능 인자 추출 알고리즘 개발

    Lee, Yong-Ha, Park, Chang-Young, Kim, Kyung-Soo, Jang, Hyang-In

    이용하, 박창영, 김경수, 장향인

    In the energy performance evaluation of a building, main factor about the envelope is required. Manual work is required in the process … + READ MORE
    In the energy performance evaluation of a building, main factor about the envelope is required. Manual work is required in the process of calculating envelope identification, physical property information, and dimensional information, and human error causes a decrease in work productivity during this process. The goal of this study is to enable accurate and rapid energy performance evaluation by extracting building energy performance evaluation factors based on IFC data. First, it establishes the information system required for the identification, object, attribute, geometry, and physical value information extraction of the envelope, which is the main factor in building energy performance evaluation. Second, each information is extracted based on the established information system, and the envelope is identified based on the attribute and boundary information according to the IFC data type. Finally, the floor area of ​​the room, the height, length, material, etc. of the wall is calculated by using the identified envelope and boundary information. It is thought that will be possible to support the preparation of evaluation data such as the planar figure of the building envelope based on the extraction of various information about the envelope required for the energy performance evaluation of a building. - COLLAPSE
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    30 December 2022

  • Research Article

    An Analysis of Energy Performance and Thermal Environment Improvement Effect through Green Remodeling in Deteriorated Neighborhood Facilities and Houses

    그린리모델링을 통한 노후 근린생활시설 및 주택의 에너지성능 및 열환경 개선 효과 분석

    Lee, Do-Hyung, Kim, Tae-Yeon, Won, Jong-Yeon, Choi, Dong-Ho

    이도형, 김태연, 원종연, 최동호

    This study analyzed the effects of improving energy performance, thermal comfort, reducing energy costs and carbon emissions through green remodeling for neighborhood … + READ MORE
    This study analyzed the effects of improving energy performance, thermal comfort, reducing energy costs and carbon emissions through green remodeling for neighborhood facilities and houses that were completed more than 35 years ago. As a result of analyzing the effects of improving the indoor surface temperature of the bedroom on the second floor of the house, in corner of building envelope was improved the most to 16.51℃. The surface temperature in the center of the glass was also improved by 11.77°C, which is expected to significantly improve the discomfort of the occupant due to the influence of cold draft near the window in winter. In addition, it was analyzed that the amount of heat loss had a 44% reduction effect. As a result of the overall analysis of energy performance before and after green remodeling, the energy demand of houses was reduced by 55.7% from 268.8 kWh/㎡·yr to 119.2 kWh/㎡·yr, and the primary energy consumption was 233.7 kWh/㎡·yr at 578.6 kWh/㎡·yr. It was reduced by 59.6% in ㎡·yr. Neighborhood facilities reduced their energy demand by 21.3% from 220.0 kWh/㎡·yr to 173.2 kWh/㎡·yr, and reduced primary energy consumption by 89.0% from 391.8 kWh/㎡·yr to 43.2 kWh/㎡·yr. It was confirmed that the rate was 85.23%, which was at the level of a zero-energy building 2nd grade. The recovery period compared to energy cost and cost investment was analyzed to reduce the annual energy cost by 2,159,963 won/year due to green remodeling, and the recovery period compared to cost investment will take a total of 11.1 years based on the material cost. - COLLAPSE
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    30 December 2022

  • Research Article

    Optical Character Recognition of Building Equipment Nameplate: Applicability Review and Development of Post-processing Method

    건물 설비 명판의 광학문자인식 적용성 검토 및 후처리 방법 개발

    Park, Gwan-Yong, Lee, Yong-Ha, Yang, Chang-Yoon, Park, Chang-Young

    박관용, 이용하, 양창윤, 박창영

    Building energy audit is an essential step in retrofitting old buildings. Reading nameplates to investigate the specification of the equipment is labor-intensive. … + READ MORE
    Building energy audit is an essential step in retrofitting old buildings. Reading nameplates to investigate the specification of the equipment is labor-intensive. In this study, the possibility of the automatic recognition of nameplates by OCR (Optical Character Recognition) was reviewed. The key and value text are written sequentially on the nameplate. Taking this into consideration, the value text was recognized from the text and bounding box of the detected key. To improve the accuracy, a post-process was developed to correct the bounding box and character recognition results. The accuracy of value character recognition before and after post-processing was evaluated as 0.658 and 0.850 respectively. - COLLAPSE
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    30 December 2022

  • Research Article

    Psychological and Physiological Responses due to the Type and Sound Pressure Level of Residential Noise

    주거소음 종류 및 음압레벨에 따른 생리 및 심리 반응

    Kim, Do-Kyeong, Kim, Su-Hong, Ryu, Jong-Kwan

    김도경, 김수홍, 류종관

    Noise affects psychological and physiological responses, and the response may be varied by the type and sound pressure level (SPL) of noise. … + READ MORE
    Noise affects psychological and physiological responses, and the response may be varied by the type and sound pressure level (SPL) of noise. To investigate both factors influencing these responses, a laboratory experiment was conducted. The sound stimuli consisted of seven types of noise in real life of apartment: three impact sounds (child jumping, child running, and piledriver) and four stationary noises (toilet plumbing, conversation, road traffic, and air-conditioner outdoor unit noise). Sound stimuli were reproduced at three SPLs (50 dB, 60 dB, and 70 dB in LAFmax for impact sound and 45 dB, 55 dB and 65 dB in LAeq for stationary noise) using headphones and a woofer speaker. For the psychological responses, the participants rated valence, arousal, and dominance of Self-Assessment Manikin by 9-point scale and annoyance by 7-point scale. Simultaneously, all participants’ electrocardiogram data and electrodermal activity (EDA) were measured using Biopac systems (MP36R) to obtain physiological responses. First, in the psychological response, valence and dominance decreased and arousal and annoyance increased as SPL increased. The change rate of mean heart rate data averaged over all residential noises showed a tendency to increase with increasing SPL and showed a similar trend between the impact sounds. It was also shown that average root mean square successive difference decreased, and EDA significantly increased as the SPL increased. - COLLAPSE
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    30 December 2022

  • Research Article

    A Field Study on the Fan Energy Savings of a Residential Ventilator with the Room-By-Room Control System Application

    실별제어 시스템을 적용한 주거용 환기장치의 팬 에너지 절감 효과 실증 연구

    Cho, Kyung-Joo, Jeong, Hyeok-Joon, Cho, Dong-Woo

    조경주, 정혁준, 조동우

    The minimum performance standard of ventilation systems defined in the Rules on Equipment Standards for Buildings, etc. is 0.5 air change per … + READ MORE
    The minimum performance standard of ventilation systems defined in the Rules on Equipment Standards for Buildings, etc. is 0.5 air change per hour. Since this standard is for all households, it can be seen that the doors of all rooms are open, when the doors of the rooms are closed, the appropriate ventilation rates could vary. This inevitably causes differences in air quality for each space depending on the difference in the infiltration rate or the number of occupants for each room. Providing sufficient ventilation rates for all rooms could be the best way for maintaining the indoor air qualities of them. However, as the ventilation rate increases, the fan energy consumption rises as well. Therefore, technologies for saving fan energy with providing the optimal ventilation rate for each room need to be applied for the system. In this study, the room–by-room control system was proposed for saving the ventilation system fan energy. To analyse the actual energy savings with the technology application, the occupancy schedule of residents in a 59 m2 apartment house were analysed, and the fan power draws for the cases according to the occupancy schedule were measured in an apartment house with the room-by-room control system application. In addition, to avoid overestimating the ventilation requirement for each room, the infiltration rates measured experimentally with the door closed were considered in the supply air volumes. In these experiments, when room-by-room control was applied, the fan energy savings per day on weekdays were analysed to be about 60% compared to the all-room control. As a future study, we plan to analyze the annual fan energy savings when holiday schedules are combined in various ways, and to check the change in CO2 concentration for each room through actual field experiments. - COLLAPSE
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    30 December 2022

  • Research Article

    On-site Evaluation of Thermal Bridges of PC Modular Houses Using Thermal Imaging Camera and a Study on Future Improvement Plan

    열화상카메라 이용 PC 모듈러 주택의 열교 부위 현장 평가 및 향후 개선 방안 연구

    Chung, Joon-Soo, Lim, Seok-Ho, Seol, Wook-Je, Lee, Keon-Ho

    정준수, 임석호, 설욱제, 이건호

    The easiest way to increase the energy efficiency of a building is to apply high insulation and high airtightness to the building. … + READ MORE
    The easiest way to increase the energy efficiency of a building is to apply high insulation and high airtightness to the building. In order to actively respond to these problems, the government has strengthened continuously the insulation performance in the building standards. Due to the wet construction method in the concrete tank usually applied in apartment houses, the continuity of the structure can be secured. However, the modular house has a weakness in insulation due to the lightweight dry construction method in which various members should be assembled. A relatively easy way to check such a problem is to check the temperature difference of the inner surface using an infrared camera. In this study, the main parts of the interior were photographed after the completion of the modular site constructed in May by using the analysis technique through the infrared camera. Through this, it is intended to confirm the type of temperature difference in each part of the space and to suggest ways to improve the insulation performance of modular houses in the future. - COLLAPSE
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    30 December 2022

  • Research Article

    An Analysis of Energy Consumption Characteristics and Energy Self‐sufficiency Rate of National Park Management Offices Using BEMS Data

    BEMS데이터를 활용한 국립공원 관리소의 에너지소비 특성 및 에너지 자립화 분석

    Choi, Sung-Hwan, Kim, Kyung-Hak, Won, An-Na

    최성환, 김경학, 원안나

    This study aimed to consider the appropriate use of new & renewable energy sources for energy self-sufficiency of national park offices, by … + READ MORE
    This study aimed to consider the appropriate use of new & renewable energy sources for energy self-sufficiency of national park offices, by identifying the energy consumption pattern and the operation status of new & renewable energy of the national park office. The main results of this study are as follows. The national park office has a higher demand for hot water supply compared to general offices due to its geographical characteristics, and the demand for air conditioning in summer is relatively small due to the large daily temperature difference. And there was a large difference in the amount of power generation per unit area of solar power facilities depending on the region. The annual energy self-sufficiency rate was about 30% for A-building and about 37% for B-building. Therefore, it is very important to understand the energy demand according to the characteristic of the national park office in order to introduce an appropriate solar power generation facility. In particular, in the case of photovoltaic power generation, which has a time limit for power generation, it is considered that the active use of energy storage devices is necessary. Through the results of this study, it was possible to obtain implications for the introduction rate and efficient operation of new and renewable energy sources. - COLLAPSE
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    30 December 2022

  • Research Article

    A Study on Economic Analysis According to Insulation Specifications for Green Remodeling in Deteriorated Single Family House

    노후 단독주택 그린 리모델링을 대상으로 한 단열재 사양에 따른 경제성 분석에 관한 연구

    Hwang, Seok-Ho

    황석호

    In green remodeling, the insulation reinforcement is the most common method. The insulation remodeling can achieve higher energy savings at low cost. … + READ MORE
    In green remodeling, the insulation reinforcement is the most common method. The insulation remodeling can achieve higher energy savings at low cost. In this study, economical analysis for old detached house was performed by the insulation type and thickness according to the energy saving level, insulation codes, cost-benefit. In the case of Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) foam insulation, the energy performance and Net Present Value are highest among analysis cases, but the economic feasibility will be lowered because the increase of construction cost is greater than energy cost savings due to increasing insulation thickness. Expendable Polystyrene (EPS) foam Class 1 No. 4, which has the lowest material cost, indicate the fastest simple payback period. However, in the cost benefit analysis considering the cost reduction due to energy saving, the EPS Class 2 No. 4 100 mm indicate highest benefit. - COLLAPSE
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    30 December 2022

  • Research Article

    An Analysis of Energy Performance Before and After Remodeling of Small-scale Public Buildings Using the Green Retrofit Program

    그린 리트로핏 프로그램을 이용한 소규모 공공 건축물의 리모델링 전후 에너지 성능분석

    Seong, Nam-Chul, Hong, Goo-Pyo

    성남철, 홍구표

    Energy performance evaluation before and after gree remodeling is important for effective green remodeling, and analysis tools and programs are used for … + READ MORE
    Energy performance evaluation before and after gree remodeling is important for effective green remodeling, and analysis tools and programs are used for this. This study aims to develop programs and verify performance that can be easily used by users without expertise, can be applied to non-residential buildings, and can support accurate energy performance analysis and decision-making during green remodeling. For accurate energy analysis, EnergyPlus, a verified energy analysis program, was installed inside the program as an analysis engine. The user mode may be divided into a general user mode and a professional user mode. In addition, the input method was optimized using a database. The energy analysis performance was verified by comparing the simulation results of the program developed for buildings that have been actually remodeled with the simulation results of EnergyPlus. As a result, there was an error of 4.7% in annual energy use before green remodeling and 8.9% in annual energy use after green remodeling. It is suitable for evaluating energy usage before and after actual green remodeling. However, it seems that there is an error in energy performance analysis due to differences in the process of modeling the shape of a building. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement and improve the program by conducting verification on buildings of various sizes and shapes in the future. - COLLAPSE
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    30 December 2022

  • Research Article

    Development of a Scenario-Based Construction Cost Estimate Model for Green-Remodeling

    시나리오 기반 그린리모델링 공사비 추정 모델 개발

    Shin, Hye-Ry, Lim, Ji-Youn, Lee, Seung-Eon, Yi, June-Seong, Jang, Ye-Eun

    신혜리, 임지연, 이승언, 이준성, 장예은

    In this study, to develop a scenario-based green remodeling construction cost estimation model, green remodeling work types and processes were analyzed, and … + READ MORE
    In this study, to develop a scenario-based green remodeling construction cost estimation model, green remodeling work types and processes were analyzed, and a scenario-based green remodeling construction cost Database was established. To estimate the green remodeling construction cost, the unit cost required for construction was derived, focusing on the core work types of green remodeling, such as insulation, windows, lighting, facilities, and renewable energy, and through this, a database was established for each work type, based on which green remodeling is operated. A construction cost calculation model was developed. - COLLAPSE
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    30 December 2022

  • Research Article

    Analysis of Process of Green Remodeling for Digital Platform Establishment

    건축물 에너지 디지털 진단 및 설계 플랫폼 구축을 위한 그린리모델링 프로세스 분석

    Lee, Su-In, Ahn, Ho-Sang, Kang, Jae-Sik

    이수인, 안호상, 강재식

    Current green remodeling processes were analyzed to design and establish the digital platform of green remodeling process from digital audit of building … + READ MORE
    Current green remodeling processes were analyzed to design and establish the digital platform of green remodeling process from digital audit of building to the final generative design including construction and authorization documents. Four old buildings having different main usage and type were analyzed to compare the on-site issues, applicable technology options, decision process, remodeling design and construction. Several suggested green remodeling processes were also analyzed and compared whether any part of these general approaches can be applicable to the digital green remodeling platform development. Depending on the building type and main usage, all target buildings were constructed on different processes and were mainly due to disconnection between process stages and environmental conditions such as construction period, cost, decision maker, and physical limitations of site. It is suggested that the digital platform which connects from the initial to the final stages will be able to resolve these issues at economic cost in terms of time and quantity by data based decision making. - COLLAPSE
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    30 December 2022

  • Research Article

    An Analysis on the Performance of Smart Air Cleaning System Based on User Location Using BLE Beacon

    BLE Beacon을 활용한 사용자 위치기반 스마트 공기청정 시스템 성능 검토

    Park, Seong-Woo, Park, Seong-Hyun, Seo, Jang-Hoo

    박성우, 박성현, 서장후

    There is a lot of research and development on the user’s indoor positioning. However, in terms of the built environment, it is … + READ MORE
    There is a lot of research and development on the user’s indoor positioning. However, in terms of the built environment, it is rarely used in actual conditions. In this study, an indoor positioning system using BLE Beacon was used. The purpose of this study is to establish a user-aware air cleaning system using an indoor positioning system. So, we created a blade for controlling the direction in our existing air purifiers. To build an indoor positioning system using BLE Beacon, we first created an app that can read BLE Beacon information, and built a Firebase server to connect blades through the application. The new air purifier system was able to identify the location of the occupants and was passed through the server to the blades to control the direction and height of the air purifier. A chamber experiment was conducted to examine the effect of the air quality control system focused on the occupant breathing zone. After the airtight performance evaluation of the 8 m3 chamber was preceded, a performance evaluation for reducing the concentration of fine dust was performed in the chamber. As a result, it was found that this system showed a performance to reduce the concentration of fine dust from at least 7% to up to 17%. - COLLAPSE
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    30 December 2022

  • Research Article

    Analysis of Improvement Effect of Cooling Performance by Thermally Activated Light Shelf System

    열적으로 활성화된 광선반 시스템에 의한 냉방 성능 개선 효과 분석

    Choi, Ji-Su, Kim, Sang-Yeop, Park, Jong-Ho, Rhee, Kyu-Nam

    최지수, 김상엽, 박종호, 이규남

    A light shelf can be used for space cooling when its surfaces are thermally activated by chilled water. The cooling effect of … + READ MORE
    A light shelf can be used for space cooling when its surfaces are thermally activated by chilled water. The cooling effect of thermally activated light shelf (TALS) was demonstrated by a previous study; however, its performance was evaluated without the consideration of spatial temperature distribution, air flow distribution, and main cooling system such as fan coil unit (FCU). In this context, this study was conducted to evaluate the TALS system under the condition that FCU system is implemented as main cooling system, whereas the TALS system serves as auxiliary cooling system for perimeter zone. A CFD simulation model was developed to investigate the spatial and surface temperature of the room equipped with FCU and TALS system. The developed model was validated against the mock-up test results, which yielded the discrepancy of 0.1~-0.7℃ in the vertical air temperature distribution. The validated model was used to compare the thermal environment for the cases with FCU and FCU+TALS. Compared to the FCU case, the FCU+TALS system could reduce the air temperature, radiant temperature, and PMV by 0.6℃, 1.2℃, and 0.26, respectively, which implies that the TALS can be successfully utilized to enhance the thermal environment in the perimeter zone. - COLLAPSE
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    30 December 2022
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Journal Informaiton Journal of Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems Journal of Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems
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