Improving Monthly Energy Demand Calculations through Area-Normalized 1D and 2D Thermal Bridges

Su-Hyun Lim; Min-Seok Jun

doi:10.22696/jkiaebs.20250039

All Issue

2025 Vol.19, Issue 6 Preview Page Next Page

Research Article

Improving Monthly Energy Demand Calculations through Area-Normalized 1D and 2D Thermal Bridges 1D·2D 열교의 면적기반 환산을 적용한 월간법 에너지요구량 평가 개선 연구

30 December 2025. pp. 453-465

PDF XML

Abstract

This study presents an area-based framework for incorporating one-dimensional (1D) and two- dimensional (2D) thermal bridges into monthly energy-demand calculations. Traditional single correction factors do not capture variations in thermal-bridge geometry or construction details, leading to inaccuracies in heat-loss estimates. The proposed method quantifies 1D thermal bridges as area-normalized transmittance increments (ΔU1D) and 2D thermal bridges as ψ·l/A, enabling consistent evaluation of thermal-bridge effects across walls, roofs, and floors. A 3D model–based automatic extraction of junction lengths further improves computational accuracy and practical applicability. The framework aligns with ISO 52016-1 procedures and is expected to support future developments in automated and 3D Model-integrated thermal-bridge assessment.

Keywords

thermal bridge

1D thermal bridge

2D thermal bridge

area-based normalization

monthly energy demand

ISO 52016-1

키워드

열교

1차원 열교

2차원 열교

면적정규화

월간법 에너지요구량

ISO 52016-1

References

Grudzińska, M., Patyna, K., Jabłoński W., Brzyski P. (2024). Thermal Transmittance in Roof–Wall Structural Junction Areas Insulated with a Hemp–Lime Mixture. Energies, 17(2), 316.

10.3390/en17020316

Langner M., Soares T., Figueiredo A., Almeida R., Vicente R. (2025). Parametric Analysis of Steel Studs to Reduce Thermal Bridges in Light Steel Framing Construction Systems. Buildings, 15(2), 194.

10.3390/buildings15020194

Larbi, A.B. (2025). Statistical modelling of heat transfer for thermal bridges of buildings. Energy and Buildings, 37, 945-951.

10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.12.013

Marincionia V., Maya N., Medinaa H. (2015). Parametric Study on the Impact of Thermal Bridges on the Heat Loss of Internally Insulated Buildings. Energy Procedia, 78, 889-894.

10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.013

Šadauskienė J., Ramanauskas J., Šeduikytė L., Daukšys M., Vasylius A. (2015). A Simplified Methodology for Evaluating the Impact of Point Thermal Bridges. Sustainability, 7(12), 15840-15852.

10.3390/su71215840

DIN V 18599-2. (2018). – Energy efficiency of buildings – Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and primary energy for heating and cooling of building zones – Part 2: Thermal envelope and building geometry. Deutsches Institut für Normung.

ISO 10211. (2017). Thermal bridges in building construction – Heat flows and surface temperatures – Detailed calculations, International Organization for Standardization.

ISO 14683. (2007). Thermal bridges in building construction – Linear thermal transmittance – Simplified methods and default values, International Organization for Standardization.

ISO 52016-1. (2017). — Energy performance of buildings — Energy needs for heating and cooling, internal temperatures and heating and cooling load calculations — Part 1: Calculation procedures. International Organization for Standardization.

Information

Publisher :Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems
Publisher(Ko) :한국건축친환경설비학회
Journal Title :Journal of Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems
Journal Title(Ko) :한국건축친환경설비학회논문집
Volume : 19
No :6
Pages :453-465
Received Date : 2025-12-01
Revised Date : 2025-12-21
Accepted Date : 2025-12-26
DOI :https://doi.org/10.22696/jkiaebs.20250039

Journal of Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems ISSN:1976-6483(Print) 2586-0666(Online) 한국건축친환경설비학회논문집

All Issue