Journal of Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems ISSN:1976-6483(Print) 2586-0666(Online) 한국건축친환경설비학회논문집

This study aims to develop a realistic infiltration calculation method for building entrance doors by simultaneously considering pressure difference and occupant traffic. Door infiltration was divided into two components: leakage infiltration when the door is closed and airflow through the opening during door operation. Leakage infiltration was modeled using a power-law relationship, while infiltration during door opening was evaluated by introducing an entrance correction factor (Ce) into the conventional large opening formulation to reflect the dynamic characteristics of door movement. To derive the entrance correction factor, controlled laboratory experiments were conducted under various pressure differences, traffic scenarios, and vestibule conditions. Preliminary experiments were performed to determine representative door opening duration and maximum opening angle based on actual occupant behavior. Door infiltration rates were then measured for multiple opening scenarios representing intermittent opening, continuous reopening, and sustained opening conditions. The experiments were repeated across a range of pressure differences to quantify their combined effects. The results indicate that door infiltration increases with both pressure difference and occupant traffic, with sustained opening conditions producing the highest infiltration rates. The presence of a vestibule significantly reduced infiltration, particularly under high-traffic conditions. Based on the experimental data, entrance correction factors were derived and expressed as regression functions of occupant traffic. The proposed method enables the dynamic effects of door operation to be incorporated into infiltration calculations, addressing limitations of existing static approaches. By introducing an entrance correction factor that reflects realistic door usage patterns, this study provides a practical framework for improving the accuracy of entrance door infiltration estimation and enhancing the reliability of building energy analysis.